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Statement List for Metamath Proof Explorer - 8901-9000 - Page 90 of 123
TypeLabelDescription
Statement
 
Syntaxcla 8901 Extend class notation with the class of all lattices.
class Lat
 
Definitiondf-ps 8902 Define the class of all posets (partially ordered sets) with weak ordering (e.g. "less than or equal to" instead of "less than"). A poset is a relation which is transitive, reflexive, and antisymmetric.
Poset = {r(Rel r (r r) r (rr) = (I r))}
 
Definitiondf-spw 8903 Define suprema under weak orderings. Unlike df-sup 4718 for strong orderings, supw is evaluates to a member of the field of R iff the supremum exists. Read R supw A as the R -supremum of set A.
supw = {<.<.r, x>., y>.z(z = {w r(v x vrw v r(u x urvwrv))} y = if(z, z, r))}
 
Definitiondf-nfw 8904 Define the class of all infima of a weak ordering relation.
infw = {<.<.r, x>., y>.y = (r supw x)}
 
Definitiondf-jn 8905 Define the class of all join operations on weak orderings.
join = {<.r, w>.w = {<.<.x, y>., z>.((x r y r) z = (r supw {x, y}))}}
 
Definitiondf-mee 8906 Define the class of all meet operations on weak orderings.
meet = {<.r, w>.w = {<.<.x, y>., z>.((x r y r) z = (r infw {x, y}))}}
 
Definitiondf-la 8907 Define the class of all lattices, which are posets in which every two elements have upper and lower bounds.
Lat = {r Posetx dom ry dom r((r supw {x, y}) dom r (r infw {x, y}) dom r)}
 
Theoremisps 8908 The predicate "is a poset" i.e. a transitive, reflexive, antisymmetric relation.
(R A → (R Poset ↔ (Rel R (R R) R (RR) = (I R))))
 
Theorempsrel 8909 A poset is a relation.
(A Poset → Rel A)
 
Theorempslem 8910 Lemma for psref 8912 and others.
 
Theorempsdmrn 8911 The domain and range of a poset equal its field.
(R Poset → (dom R = R ran R = R))
 
Theorempsref 8912 A poset is reflexive.
X = dom R       ((R Poset A X) → ARA)
 
Theorempsrn 8913 The range of a poset equals it domain.
X = dom R       (R Poset → X = ran R)
 
Theorempsasym 8914 A poset is antisymmetric.
((R Poset ARB BRA) → A = B)
 
Theorempstr 8915 A poset is transitive.
((R Poset ARB BRC) → ARC)
 
Theoremspwval2 8916 Value of supremum under a weak ordering. Read R supw A as "the R -supremum of A." R is the field of a relation R by relfld 3621. Unlike df-sup 4718 for strong orderings, the supremum exists iff R supw A belongs to the field.
X = R    &   Z = {x X(y A yRx y X (z A zRyxRy))}       ((R U A W) → (R supw A) = if(Z, Z, X))
 
Theoremspwval3 8917 Value of a supremum.
X = R    &   (φ ↔ (y A yRx y X (z A zRyxRy)))       ((R U A W x X φ) → (R supw A) = {x Xφ})
 
Theoremspwnex3 8918 When the supremum of set A doesn't exist, R supw A isn't in the the field of order relation R.
X = R    &   (φ ↔ (y A yRx y X (z A zRyxRy)))       ((R U A W ¬ x X φ) → ¬ (R supw A) X)
 
Theoremspwmo 8919 A poset has at most one supremum.
(φ ↔ (y A yRx y X (z A zRyxRy)))       (R Poset → ∃*x(x X φ))
 
Theoremspweu 8920 A supremum is unique.
(φ ↔ (y A yRx y X (z A zRyxRy)))       ((R Poset x X φ) → ∃!x X φ)
 
Theoremspwpr2 8921 Property of supremum defining condition for an unordered pair.
(φ ↔ (y A yRx y X (z A zRyxRy)))       (((R T A = {B, C}) (B U C W)) → (φ ↔ ((BRx CRx) y X ((BRy CRy) → xRy))))
 
Theoremspwval 8922 Value of a supremum.
X = dom R    &   (φ ↔ (y A yRx y X (z A zRyxRy)))       ((R Poset A W x X φ) → (R supw A) = {x Xφ})
 
Theoremspwcl 8923 Closure of a supremum.
X = dom R    &   (φ ↔ (y A yRx y X (z A zRyxRy)))       ((R Poset A W x X φ) → (R supw A) X)
 
Theoremspwnex 8924 Non-closure when the supremum doesn't exist.
X = dom R    &   (φ ↔ (y A yRx y X (z A zRyxRy)))       ((R Poset A W ¬ x X φ) → ¬ (R supw A) X)
 
Theoremspwex 8925 A supremum exists iff R supw A belongs to the domain of R.
X = dom R    &   (φ ↔ (y A yRx y X (z A zRyxRy)))       ((R Poset A W) → (x X φ ↔ (R supw A) X))
 
Theoremspwpr4 8926 Supremum of an unordered pair.
X = dom R       (((R Poset C D) (ARC BRC) x X ((ARx BRx) → CRx)) → (R supw {A, B}) = C)
 
Theoremspwpr4OLD 8927 Supremum of an unordered pair.
X = dom R       (((R Poset C X) (ARC BRC) x X ((ARx BRx) → CRx)) → (R supw {A, B}) = C)
 
Theoremspwpr4aOLD 8928 Supremum of an unordered pair.
X = dom R    &   (φ ↔ (y {A, B}yRx y X (z {A, B}zRyxRy)))       (((R Poset C X) (ARC BRC) y X ((ARy BRy) → CRy)) → (R supw {A, B}) = C)
 
Theoremspwpr4c 8929 Supremum of an unordered pair of comparable elements.
((R Poset B U ARB) → (R supw {A, B}) = B)
 
Theoremisla 8930 The predicate "is a lattice" i.e. a poset in which any two elements have upper and lower bounds.
X = dom R       (R Lat ↔ (R Poset x X y X ((R supw {x, y}) X (R infw {x, y}) X)))
 
Theoremlaspwcl 8931 Closure of the supremum (join) of two lattice elements.
X = dom R       ((R Lat A X B X) → (R supw {A, B}) X)
 
Theoremlanfwcl 8932 Closure of the infimum (meet) of two lattice elements.
X = dom R       ((R Lat A X B X) → (R infw {A, B}) X)
 
Real and complex numbers (cont.)
 
The exponential, sine, and cosine functions (cont.)
 
Theoremsincolem 8933 Lemma for sinco 8935 and cosco 8936.
 
Theoremsincnlem 8934 Lemma for sincn 8937 and coscn 8938.
 
Theoremsinco 8935 Sine expressed as a function composition. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 28-Nov-2007.)
F = {<.x, y>.(x y = (i · x))}    &   G = {<.x, y>.(x y = (-i · x))}    &   J = {<.x, y>.(x y = (x / (2 · i)))}    &   H = {<.w, v>.(w v = (((exp F) ‘w) − ((exp G) ‘w)))}       sin = (J H)
 
Theoremcosco 8936 Cosine expressed as a function composition. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 28-Nov-2007.)
F = {<.x, y>.(x y = (i · x))}    &   G = {<.x, y>.(x y = (-i · x))}    &   J = {<.x, y>.(x y = (x / 2))}    &   H = {<.w, v>.(w v = (((exp F) ‘w) + ((exp G) ‘w)))}       cos = (J H)
 
Theoremsincn 8937 Sine is continuous. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 28-Nov-2007.)
sin (cn)
 
Theoremcoscn 8938 Cosine is continuous. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 28-Nov-2007.)
cos (cn)
 
Properties of pi = 3.14159...
 
Theorempilem1 8939 Lemma for pire 8945, pigt2lt4 8943 and sinpi 8944.
 
Theorempilem2 8940 Lemma for pire 8945, pigt2lt4 8943 and sinpi 8944.
 
Theorempilem3 8941 Lemma for pire 8945, pigt2lt4 8943 and sinpi 8944.
 
Theorempilem4 8942 Lemma for pire 8945, pigt2lt4 8943 and sinpi 8944.
 
Theorempigt2lt4 8943 π is between 2 and 4. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 23-Jan-2008.)
(2 < π π < 4)
 
Theoremsinpi 8944 The sine of π is 0. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 23-Jan-2008.)
(sin ‘π) = 0
 
Theorempire 8945 π is a real number. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 23-Jan-2008.)
π
 
Theorempipos 8946 π is positive. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 23-Jan-2008.)
0 < π
 
Theoremsinhalfpilem 8947 Lemma for sinhalfpi 8948 and coshalfpi 8949.
 
Theoremsinhalfpi 8948 The sine of π / 2 is 1. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 23-Jan-2008.)
(sin ‘(π / 2)) = 1
 
Theoremcoshalfpi 8949 The cosine of π / 2 is 0. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 23-Jan-2008.)
(cos ‘(π / 2)) = 0
 
Theoremcospi 8950 The cosine of π is -1. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 23-Jan-2008.)
(cos ‘π) = -1
 
Theoremeulerid 8951 Euler's identity. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 23-Jan-2008.)
((exp ‘(i · π)) + 1) = 0
 
Theoremsin2pi 8952 The sine of 2π is 0. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 23-Jan-2008.)
(sin ‘(2 · π)) = 0
 
Theoremcos2pi 8953 The cosine of 2π is 1. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 23-Jan-2008.)
(cos ‘(2 · π)) = 1
 
Theoremsinperlem1 8954 Lemma for sin2kpi 8956 and cos2kpi 8957.
 
Theoremsinperlem2 8955 Lemma for sin2kpi 8956 and cos2kpi 8957.
 
Theoremsin2kpi 8956 If K is an integer, the sine of 2Kπ is 0. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 23-Jan-2008.)
(K → (sin ‘(K · (2 · π))) = 0)
 
Theoremcos2kpi 8957 If K is an integer, the cosine of 2Kπ is 1. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 23-Jan-2008.)
(K → (cos ‘(K · (2 · π))) = 1)
 
Theoremsinper 8958 The sine function is periodic. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 23-Jan-2008.)
((A K ) → (sin ‘(A + (K · (2 · π)))) = (sin ‘A))
 
Theoremcosper 8959 The cosine function is periodic. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 23-Jan-2008.)
((A K ) → (cos ‘(A + (K · (2 · π)))) = (cos ‘A))
 
Theoremsin2pim 8960 Sine of a number subtracted from 2 · π. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 15-Mar-2008.)
(A → (sin ‘((2 · π) − A)) = -(sin ‘A))
 
Theoremcos2pim 8961 Cosine of a number subtracted from 2 · π. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 15-Mar-2008.)
(A → (cos ‘((2 · π) − A)) = (cos ‘A))
 
Theoremsinmpi 8962 Sine of a number less π. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 15-Mar-2008.)
(A → (sin ‘(Aπ)) = -(sin ‘A))
 
Theoremcosmpi 8963 Cosine of a number less π. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 15-Mar-2008.)
(A → (cos ‘(Aπ)) = -(cos ‘A))
 
Theoremsinppi 8964 Sine of a number plus π.
(A → (sin ‘(A + π)) = -(sin ‘A))
 
Theoremcosppi 8965 Cosine of a complex number plus π.
(A → (cos ‘(A + π)) = -(cos ‘A))
 
Theoremefimpi 8966 The exponential function of i times a real number less π. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 15-Mar-2008.)
(A → (exp ‘(i · (Aπ))) = -(exp ‘(i · A)))
 
Theoremsinhalfpip 8967 The sine of π / 2 plus a number. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 24-Jan-2008.)
(A → (sin ‘((π / 2) + A)) = (cos ‘A))
 
Theoremsinhalfpim 8968 The sine of π / 2 minus a number. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 24-Jan-2008.)
(A → (sin ‘((π / 2) − A)) = (cos ‘A))
 
Theoremcoshalfpip 8969 The cosine of π / 2 plus a number. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 24-Jan-2008.)
(A → (cos ‘((π / 2) + A)) = -(sin ‘A))
 
Theoremcoshalfpim 8970 The cosine of π / 2 minus a number. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 24-Jan-2008.)
(A → (cos ‘((π / 2) − A)) = (sin ‘A))
 
Theoremsincosq1lem 8971 Lemma for sincosq1sgn 8972.
 
Theoremsincosq1sgn 8972 The signs of the sine and cosine functions in the first quadrant. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 24-Jan-2008.)
(A (0(,)(π / 2)) → (0 < (sin ‘A) 0 < (cos ‘A)))
 
Theoremsincosq2sgn 8973 The signs of the sine and cosine functions in the second quadrant. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 24-Jan-2008.)
(A ((π / 2)(,)π) → (0 < (sin ‘A) (cos ‘A) < 0))
 
Theoremsincosq3sgn 8974 The signs of the sine and cosine functions in the third quadrant. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 24-Jan-2008.)
(A (π(,)(3 · (π / 2))) → ((sin ‘A) < 0 (cos ‘A) < 0))
 
Theoremsincosq4sgn 8975 The signs of the sine and cosine functions in the fourth quadrant. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 24-Jan-2008.)
(A ((3 · (π / 2))(,)(2 · π)) → ((sin ‘A) < 0 0 < (cos ‘A)))
 
Theoremsinq12gt0t 8976 The sine of a number strictly between 0 and π is positive. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 15-Mar-2008.)
(A (0(,)π) → 0 < (sin ‘A))
 
Theoremsinq34lt0t 8977 The sine of a number strictly between π and 2 · π is negative.
(A (π(,)(2 · π)) → (sin ‘A) < 0)
 
Theoremsincosq1eq 8978 Complementarity of the sine and cosine functions in the first quadrant. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 25-Jan-2008.)
((A B (A + B) = 1) → (sin ‘(A · (π / 2))) = (cos ‘(B · (π / 2))))
 
Theoremsincos4thpi 8979 The sine and cosine of π / 4. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 25-Jan-2008.)
((sin ‘(π / 4)) = (1 / (√ ‘2)) (cos ‘(π / 4)) = (1 / (√ ‘2)))
 
Theoremsincos6thpi 8980 The sine and cosine of π / 6. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 25-Jan-2008.)
((sin ‘(π / 6)) = (1 / 2) (cos ‘(π / 6)) = ((√ ‘3) / 2))
 
Theoremabssinper 8981 The absolute value of sine has period π.
((A K ) → (abs ‘(sin ‘(A + (K · π)))) = (abs ‘(sin ‘A)))
 
Theoremsinkpi 8982 The sine of an integer multiple of π is 0.
(K → (sin ‘(K · π)) = 0)
 
Theoremcoskpi 8983 The absolute value of the cosine of an integer multiple of π is 1.
(K → (abs ‘(cos ‘(K · π))) = 1)
 
Theoremsineq0 8984 A real number whose sine is zero is an integer multiple of π.
((A (sin ‘A) = 0) → A = ((⌊ ‘(A / π)) · π))
 
Theoremsineq0OLD 8985 A real number whose sine is zero is an integer multiple of π.
((A (sin ‘A) = 0) → A = ((⌊ ‘(A / π)) · π))
 
Theoremsineq0re 8986 A number whose sine is zero is real. This theorem can be used to extend sineq0 8984 to complex numbers.
((A (sin ‘A) = 0) → A )
 
Theoremcosh111lem1 8987 Lemma for cosh111 8990.
 
Theoremcosh111lem2 8988 Lemma for cosh111 8990.
 
Theoremcosh111lem3 8989 Lemma for cosh111 8990.
 
Theoremcosh111 8990 Cosine is one-to-one over the closed-below, open-above interval from 0 to π. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 16-Mar-2008.)
((A (0[,)π) B (0[,)π)) → (A = B ↔ (cos ‘A) = (cos ‘B)))
 
Mapping of the exponential function
 
Theoremefgh 8991 The exponential function of a scaled complex number is a group homomorphism from the group of complex numbers under addition to the set of complex numbers under multiplication. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 25-Apr-2008.)
F = {<.x, y>.(x y = (exp ‘(A · x)))}       ((A B C ) → (F ‘(B + C)) = ((FB) · (FC)))
 
Theoremefghgrpilem 8992 Lemma for efghgrpi 8993,
 
Theoremefghgrpi 8993 The image of a subgroup of the group +, under the exponential function of a scaled complex number, is an Abelian group. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 25-Apr-2008.)
S = {yx X y = (exp ‘(A · x))}    &   G = ( · (S × S))    &   A     &   X     &   ( + (X × X)) (SubGrp ‘ + )       G Abel
 
Theoremefif 8994 The exponential function of an imaginary number maps the closed-below, open-above interval from 0 to 2 · π to the unit circle. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 16-Mar-2008.)
F = {<.x, y>.(x (0[,)(2 · π)) y = (exp ‘(i · x)))}    &   S = {z (abs ‘z) = 1}       F:(0[,)(2 · π))–→S
 
Theoremefifolem1 8995 Lemma for efifo 9002.
 
Theoremefifolem2 8996 Lemma for efifo 9002.
 
Theoremefifolem3 8997 Lemma for efifo 9002.
 
Theoremefifolem4 8998 Lemma for efifo 9002.
 
Theoremefifolem5 8999 Lemma for efifo 9002.
 
Theoremefifolem6 9000 Lemma for efifo 9002.

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